Human GDF-15 ELISA Kit

Principle of the Assay

This assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. A monoclonal antibody specific for GDF-15 has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any GDF-15 present is bound by the immobilized antibody. Following incubation unbound samples are removed during a wash step, and then a detection antibody specific for GDF-15 is added to the wells and binds to the combination of capture antibody- GDF-15 in sample. Following a wash to remove any unbound combination, and enzyme conjugate is added to the wells. Following incubation and wash steps a substrate is added. A coloured product is formed in proportion to the amount of GDF-15 present in the sample. The reaction is terminated by addition of acid and absorbance is measured at 450nm. A standard curve is prepared from seven GDF-15 standard dilutions and GDF-15 sample concentration determined.

For Use with serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Target Information

Growth and differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1(MIC-1), placental transforming growth factor-β, prostate-derived factor, and placental bone morphogenetic protein, is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. GDF-15 is initially synthesized as a 40 kDa inactive precursor protein. It is then proteolytically cleaved to release the active C-terminal fragment, which is assembled into a disulfide-linked homodimer of 28 kDa to become biologically active GDF-15. In humans, GDF-15 is predominantly expressed in the placenta, with low levels in the kidney, pancreas, and prostate. However, its expression can be rapidly induced by cytokines such as interleukin-1 and TGF-β.

GDF-15 has diverse biological functions. Early studies have shown that low serum GDF-15 levels correlate with miscarriages, indicating that it might be able to suppress inflammation in early pregnancy. GDF-15 also plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. It has been observed that in many types of cancers, such as colorectal, breast, and prostate, the expression of GDF-15 is dramatically increased. Additionally, in cancer patients, serum levels of GDF-15 are elevated, which are of value in disease diagnosis and stratification. GDF-15 is strongly induced by the tumor suppressor gene p53 and other anti-tumorigenic agents, such as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ. These findings suggest that GDF-15 may be a downstream target of those signaling pathways that regulate cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Through the modulation of neuronal pathways important in the regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis, GDF-15 mediates cancer-induced anorexia and weight loss.

GENE ID	9518
SWISS PROT	Q99988
SYNONYMS	PDF; MIC1; PLAB; MIC-1; NAG-1; PTGFB; GDF-15

Materials Supplied

Kit Components	96 Wells Quantity/Size
Aluminium pouches with a Microwell Plate coated with monoclonal antibody to human GDF-15 (8﹡12)	1 plate
Human GDF-15 Standard lyophilized, 1000 pg/ml upon reconstitution	2 vials
Concentrated Biotin-Conjugate anti-human GDF-15 monoclonal antibody	2 vials
Streptavidin-HRP solution	2 vials
Standard /sample Diluent	1 bottle
Biotin-Conjugate antibody Diluent	1 bottle
Streptavidin-HRP Diluent	1 bottle
Wash Buffer Concentrate 20x (PBS with 1% Tween-20)	1 bottle
Substrate Solution	1 vial
Stop Solution	1 vial
Adhesive Films	4 pieces
Product data sheet	1 copy

Storage

Store at 2 - 8°C

Performance Characteristics

REPEATABILITY	The coefficient of variation of both intra-assay and inter-assay were less than 10%.
SENSITIVITY	The minimum detectable dose was 4pg/mL.
ASSAY RANGE	7.8 - 500 pg/mL
SPECIFICITY	This assay recognizes both natural and recombinant human GDF-15. The factors listed below were prepared at 50ng/ml in Standard /sample Diluent and assayed for cross-reactivity and no significant cross-reactivity or interference was observed.

Factors assayed for cross-reactivity

Recombinant human	GDF-11, GDF-5, GDF-6, GDF-7, GDF-8, EGF, CSF, sTNF-RII, FGF, TNF-α, PDGF
Recombinant mouse	GDF-11, GDF-5, GDF-6, GDF-7, GDF-8, GDF-9

Data Analysis Assistance

We have partnered with MyAssays to offer you an easy to use and versatile tool to analyze the data you receive using our ELISA Kit. Click the link below to be directed to the data analysis tool provided by MyAssays specifically for BSKH1045.

https://www.myassays.com/bioss-human-gdf-15-elisa-kit.assay